What makes Chloroplast an Inclusive Sensor of Environmental Stresses?

What makes a chloroplast? Reconstructing the establishment of photosynthetic symbioses.

Earth is populated by an extraordinary diversity of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Many eukaryotic lineages contain chloroplasts, obtained through the endosymbiosis of a wide range of photosynthetic prokaryotes or eukaryotes, and a wide variety of otherwise non-photosynthetic species form transient associations with photosynthetic symbionts. Chloroplast lineages are likely to be derived from pre-ex...

What Makes an Insight Problem? 1 Running Head: What Makes an Insight Problem? What Makes an Insight Problem? 2

Four experiments investigated transformation problems with insight characteristics. Experiment 1 examined two versions of the six-coin problem with different solution properties. Performance on one version with a concrete and visualizable solution followed predictions derived from assuming a hill-climbing heuristic. The determinant of performance on the second version, in which the solution pot...

What makes an antipsychotic atypical?

What makes an effective executive.

An effective executive does not need to be a leader in the typical sense of the word. Peter Drucker, the author of more than two dozen HBR articles, says some of the best business and nonprofit CEOs he has worked with over his 65-year consulting career were not stereotypical leaders. They ranged from extroverted to nearly reclusive, from easygoing to controlling, from generous to parsimonious. ...

Polymeric Gas Separation Membranes: What Makes them Industrially more Attractive?